Edna’s First and Second Awakenings Essay Example for Free

Edna’s First and Second Awakenings Essay When Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† was distributed in 1899 the Industrial Revolution and the women's activist development were at that point starting to rise. Be that as it may, they were still eclipsed by the common perspectives of the nineteenth century (SparkNotes Editors). In the traditionalist territory of Louisiana, from where the creator had met her significant other, for instance, the women's activist development was practically missing that there still exist a law that thinks about a lady as the property of her better half. â€Å"The Awakening† as a rule is a novel about how the female hero had the option to discover and find her own way of life as a lady, picked up autonomy, and get familiar with the estimation of equity and opportunity. Notwithstanding, it is likewise a novel about the social requirements of ladies during this Victorian period, about how Edna found at long last that she was still alone during the time spent her ‘awakening,’ along these lines experiencing a ‘second awakening’. Chopin offered an alternate treatment of the conventional lady of society who is frequently depicted to be under the kindness of their male partners, powerless, and certainly limited. Here, Edna, the female hero, is rediscovering herself, her reality, and gradually realizing what opportunity and fairness implies. The story spins around her as she gradually experiences this procedure so that the novel could really fall under the class of Bildungsromanâ€a kind of a transitioning storyâ€wherein Edna, through her associate with Adelle, has developed from a confined spouse to a lady liberated from any type of male mastery. This sort of approach had given a tone that offers a ‘sympathetic see toward the activities and feelings of the explicitly mindful and autonomous female hero. ’ One of the more significant themes in the novel is Edna’s swimming. The first occasion when she had swum in the novel show the principal snapshot of her enlivening. It gave her the sentiment of being solid. Before long, through her associates in the Grand isle, especially Adelle, she discovered that she could be really open about what she feels, that she could state it legitimately without being apprehensive. She likewise kept work of art to surrender her childhood soon afterwardsâ€another type of self-articulation. Also, with Robert and Alcee, she had exhibited opportunity in her affection, enthusiasm and sexuality. Every one of these occasions that occurred in her life added to her first ‘awakening,’ the enlivening that relates to her self-rediscovery and a picking up freedom. It is right now that â€Å"She started to look with her own eyes; to see and to secure the more profound inclinations of life. Never again was she substance to â€Å"feed upon opinion† when her own spirit had welcomed her (Chapter 32). † Her subsequent arousing occurred after Robert had betrayed her for the sole explanation of not having the option to ascend over the desires for their general public. She had, for certain reasons understood that in spite of every last bit of her revelations, the opportunity that she had gotten, she was still alone. She felt the weight or the enduring that compares to all her learning and singularity for her general public could at present not acknowledge the sort of lady she had become. Maybe her activity when she had swum again in the later section of the novel, when she ended it all, is an imagery of this subsequent arousing. The isolation she had felt drove her there on the grounds that she may have understood her actual situation in her general public and consequently accepts that just by taking her life might she be able to liberate herself from each desire there is. She was stirred. Once more. What's more, subsequently she says, â€Å"The years that are gone appear dreamsâ€if one may continue resting and dreamingâ€but to wake up and findâ€oh! well! Maybe it is smarter to wake up all things considered, even to endure, as opposed to stay a trick to hallucinations all one’s life (Chapter 38). † Basically, for me, the novel isn't just about a solitary arousing. It is a two-sided portrayal of the status/job of ladies during the Victorian period. It unquestionably indicated how compelled these ladies are through the predispositions and biases tossed against Edna. Yet, it has additionally demonstrated how these ladies, through Edna, are battling to liberate themselves from these imperatives, how they are happy to endure than to stay disappointed, yet at the same time eclipsed by the predominant perspectives of the lion's share. It should be likewise relating not exclusively to Edna’s arousing however the enlivening of the considerable number of ladies of that specific time. These ladies are completely stirred, ready to battle for their autonomy, for uniformity. Shockingly, the predominant thoughts of the individuals around them would just stir them for the subsequent time, so they would understand that their situation in their general public around then could be once in a while choking out that they would prefer to suffocate themselves than submit to male control. REFERENCE SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Awakening. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 19 Jul. 2010. For the cited sections:

Importance and Solution of Culture Differences Essay Example

Significance and Solution of Culture Differences Essay For the situation that Professor Zhao gave us we can see plainly that Mr. Moto met with a great deal of difficult issues in an intercultural exchange. And every one of these issues affected the worldwide interface. The case additionally has left us two inquiries. The first is that whether the diverse between high setting society and low setting society is that significant and whether the distinction will decimate the arrangement on the off chance that one can’t handle it appropriately. The subsequent inquiry is that whether the main answer for the contention is to surrender one’s own way of life and acknowledge everything in another culture. The primary inquiry So let’s first arrangement with the main inquiry that whether the contrast between two societies is so significant. As I would like to think this distinction truly makes a major issue. Also, let’s see a few models. When a Chinese undertaking needs to have a business arrangement with an America organization. When meeting with the mediator of the America Company the Chinese organization sends him a costly watch. So in the high setting society, a blessing is actually an approach to show the regard or the ready to construct a relationship with the collector. In any case, in the eye of the American person the blessing is actually a lady of the hour. So he won't acknowledge the present. Chinese organization demand in him tolerating the blessing, lastly he acknowledged it yet after that he advised the issue to his organization and his organization charged the Chinese organization lady of the hour their official and finally the business is fizzled due to this undertaking. So we can see that dismissing the distinction of two societies is extremely lethal. Let’s examine why this culture contrast can make such a major impact in intercultural arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Importance and Solution of Culture Differences explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Importance and Solution of Culture Differences explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Importance and Solution of Culture Differences explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I think this is a direct result of the focal point of the two societies while associating with others is unique. In the high setting society, individuals fundamentally center around fabricate the relationship with others and even a few times they will believe that the consequence of the exchange isn't that significant than the relationship they had as of now develop. In any case, to the in the individuals in low setting society, they for the most part think about the genuine reason for the exchange and in their psyche other activity is negligible. In their psyche the exchange is the round of the benefit. When they arrive at the parity point the exchange can be finished. So here we can see that the center contrast between the two societies is trust. In the high setting society individuals don’t trust others, so they need to fabricate connections to diminish the peril of being sold out. The various non-verbal practices is an approach to show one’s regard and need to get the trust from others. While in the low setting society the trust issue isn't excessively significant, individuals will as a rule accept on what others had said and not suspect on others. So when the two distinct societies meet, the individual in high setting society will as a rule find it’s extremely hard to put stock in the individual in low setting society. Likewise when indicating the regard by the non-verbal route, for example, blessing or name card the individual in low setting will probably doesn’t pay attention to it and this will caused the individual in high setting society to feel being irritated and he is losing face. So from the investigation we can see the motivation behind why the distinction of the two societies is so significant. It’s hard to state whose deficiency it is, however both of the way of life will think the other inadmissible. As far as I can tell I have additionally met with such sort of inquiry. When I had a lunch along with a person called Josh from America. From the outset I presented myself obligingly and posed a few inquiries about him, however him overlooked my words and legitimately posed me some delicate inquiries about Tibet and Taiwan. I am actually quite furious inclination that I’m irritated by his demeanor, yet I despite everything responded to his inquiries. At that point he invalidates my words and said something that irritates our countries regional respectability legitimately. So this make me truly not so cheerful, and I had a discussion with him that day. Other than that later he revealed to me that he is an ABC (America-conceived Chinese) this drives me considerably progressively mad since that being a Chinese, how might he say the regional issue regarding China. What's more, I no longer accept him as a companion. Be that as it may, the second day he welcomed me to watch a ball game together. This makes me very darkened since we had a fight one day prior and I don’t think I ‘m his companions. So I rejected him and had never associated with him any longer. So now I realize that it’s truly not his concern of performing that way, it’s simply the contrast between societies, even his is a Chinese yet the entirety of his encompassing society is in s low setting way. The second inquiry The subsequent inquiry is that whether the main answer for the contention is to surrender one’s own way of life and acknowledge everything in another culture. My response to the inquiry it is that, regardless of whether surrender or surrender what amount rely upon the circumstance. What's more, except if in some extraordinary conventions it’s pointless for one to surrender all culture customary conduct. I feel that in the circumstance that you need to your organization enter a nation or you need to show your regard of that nation, you will surrender your very own portion culture issues that may strife with the way of life you need to interface with or acknowledge some essential customary culture practices. For instance when Obama, leader of the United States visit Shanghai and gave an open discourse his first word is â€Å"DaJiaHao† in Shanghai tongue. This activity causes us to feel amicable and can completely demonstrate his regard and ready to be a companion with China. Additionally when you organization need to make an agreement with an organization in another nation has distinctive culture with your nation, and the agreement is actually quite critical to your organization, this time you should surrender the vast majority of your way of life propensities to ensure there will be no mishap. Yet, when in the circumstance that your position is equivalent or more grounded to other organization or nation you can keep up fundamentally of your own way of life customs, you need just focus on the way of life point that may cause superfluous issues. Furthermore, I figure now and then some one of a kind point in your own way of life will make you all the more genuine and give you more advantages. We can see that in the APEC held in 2003 China, when taking photographs, the leader of each nation was taking Tang suit. This shows the solid of China and gave the world a profound impression. I think the way of life contrasts are not simply the reason for most worldwide clashes. The way of life contrast can likewise cause the regard by others. As I would see it if a culture conduct is so remarkable and can doesn’t insult different societies, it will get a kick out of the chance to be the point that pull in other’s considerations. Also, this called the fascination of novel culture customs. So we can get an end that the distinction between high setting society and low setting society is exceptionally huge. So it is exceptionally important to get a completely thought of the way of life contrasts and have a groundwork for it when somebody needs to have a global business correspondence. Also, in the wake of gathering all the data about the way of life contrast, one should then break down the circumstance. All the arrangement can be found in the circumstance above, and afterward every one of them can know whether they should surrender their own way of life customary practices. I accept that by dong this there will less and less culture clashes will occur.

Why dogs live less than human!

Why dogs live less than human! Being a veterinarian, I had been called to examine a ten-year-old Irish Wolfhound named Belker. The dogs owners, Ron, his wife, Lisa, and their little boy, Shane, were all very attached to Belker and they were hoping for a miracle.I examined Belker and found he was dying. I told the family we couldnt do anything for Belker and offered to perform the euthanasia procedure for the old dog in their home.As we made arrangements, Ron and Lisa told me they thought it would be good for six-year-old Shane to observe the procedure. They felt as though Shane might learn something from the experience. The next day, I felt the familiar catch in my throat as Belkers family surrounded him. Shane seemed so calm, petting the old dog for the last time, that I wondered if he understood what was going on. Within a few minutes, Belker slipped peacefully away.The little boy seemed to accept Belkers transition without any difficulty or confusion. We sat together for a while after Belkers death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that animal lives are shorter than human lives. Shane, who had been listening quietly, piped up, I know why.Startled, we all turned to him. What came out of his mouth next stunned me. Id never heard a more comforting explanation.He said, People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life like loving everybody all the time and being nice, right? The six-year-old continued, Well, dogs already know how to do that, so they dont have to stay as long.Author UnknownIf a dog was your teacher, these are some of the lessons you might learn:When loved ones come home, always run to greet them.Never pass up the opportunity to go for a joyride.Thrive on attention and let people touch you.When you’re happy, dance around and wag your entire body.Delight in the simple joy of a long walk.Never pretend to be something you’re not.If what you want lies buried, dig until you find it.When someone is having a bad day, be silent, sit close by, and nuzzle them gently .

Fast Food An Alternative Food Source - 1080 Words

Fast Food By max Cornett Fast food is an alternative food source for many people around the world who have little time or money for a homemade meal or for a meal cooked at a restaurant. However fast food can also cause many problems with our bodies if it is consumed to often or in very large quantities. The fast food epidemic has caused increasing amounts of people being labeled as overweight and obese. â€Å"As many as 30 percent of American adults or 60 million are either overweight or obese. Most alarming to health officials is the fact that 9 million of these obese adults are severely obese† (Loonin). Obesity can be caused by many factors, some people have slower metabolism, some people just eat too much food, and some people don t exercise enough. â€Å"Let’s think back to the pioneer days. People had to plant their crops, tend to their animals and cook foods from scratch. There were no box mixes or pre-made items. Meals had to be planned ahead every day. People really had to work for their food Coincidentally, the obesity rates were much less years ago.† (Muntel). Because we don’t have to work for our food it is much easier to take it for granted and eat too much. The most work that we have to do would be to turn on the oven and throw the mac and cheese into it for an hour or tell the cashier how many burgers you want to eat. In our society today the ability to doShow MoreRelatedFast Food : An Alternative Food Source1080 Words   |  5 Pages Fast Food By max Cornett Fast food is an alternative food source for many people around the world who have little time or money for a homemade meal or for a meal cooked at a restaurant. However fast food can also cause many problems with our bodies if it is consumed to often or in very large quantities. The fast food epidemic has caused increasing amounts of people being labeled as overweightRead MoreRelation Between Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity Introduction The combination of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, two-income families with children, busy single professionals and the proliferation of fast food restaurants in recent years has created a perfect storm of obesity in the United States as well as a number of other countries. Further exacerbating the problem is the lack of nutrition and high levels of fat content in many fast food restaurant products, making their consumption a high-risk activityRead MoreFast Food By Eric Schlosser933 Words   |  4 PagesSpecter uses outside sources such as, Eric Schlosser who wrote Fast-food Nation in 2001. By including outside sources Specter is able to credit his information and make sure that he has accurate and compelling information. To provide even more accuracy, he even includes quotes from other authors such as this quote, â€Å"In 2012, companies produced enough regular soda to supply every single person in America, regardless of age, with nearly thirty gallons,’’ from Ma rion Nestle who the recently publishedRead MoreEnough Blame From The Fast Food Industry1195 Words   |  5 Pages Summative Essay 1 December 2014 Enough Blame to Go Around The fast food industry is a thriving enterprise in America s economy these days. One can find a fast food vendor on nearly every block, says David Zinczenko in his article Don t Blame the Eater. The article explains the growing expanse of the fast food industry and the subsequent number of nutritional food businesses declining, there by leaving the fast food industry responsible to provide adequate nutrition for countless numbersRead MoreFast Food Is A Kind Of Mass Produced Food872 Words   |  4 PagesFast food is a kind of mass-produced food which are made and served very quickly. Fast food becomes more popular in 1950 in the United States, and it is likely to have less nutritional content compared to other foods. Food that needs less preparation time is also called fast food; literary the term refers to foods sold in restaurant or store with ready-made ingredient and it is served to the customer in wrapped form to take-out. Fast food cafeterias are known for their capabilitie s to serve foodRead MoreFast Food As An Common, Easy Meal1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situationRead MoreCase Study 5.1 Panera Bread1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe restaurant industry by developing itself with various approaches. First of all, Panera Bread has observed the consumer always wanted good food quality and speed services. This has given the Panera Bread an opportunity to reposition itself by joining the concept of fast food and casual dining category. This category provided the consumer the alternative they wanted by capturing the advantages of the both categories. Besides, with the good timing which became the first mover to this new categoryRead MoreChipotle Mexican Grill : Snapshot Of The Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesChipotle Mexican Grill Snapshot of the company Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is one of the leading fast-casual Mexican restaurant chains throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France. Chipotle has been in operation since it was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1993 by Steve Ells. It is known for its fresh, gourmet, and increasingly organic ingredients. In 1995, Chipotle opened their second restaurant and later opened their third restaurant with a Small Business AdministrationRead MoreA Formula for Using Alternative Energy to Reduce Global Oil Dependency1579 Words   |  6 PagesThe continued use of oil in its many applications is a dominant cause of air and water pollution, which is substantially contributing to global warming. Only by reducing mankinds dependence on oil can these issues be constructively addressed. Alternative forms of energy are the rational solution for reducing global oil dependency, which will result in positive changes to the global environment and to global political affairs. Oil reserves are not a renewable resource, dependent as they are onRead MoreWhat You Eat Is Your Business By Radley Balko And Don t Blame The Eater By David Zinczenko Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesZinczenko composes his opinion on the fast food industry’s absence of nutritional information and more. Zinczenko starts his piece by giving his own life experience. He recalls his childhood trying to find food and that fast food was â€Å"the only available options for an American kid to get an affordable meal† (Zinczenko 462). By giving his own life experience, Zinczenko relates to the reader and grabs their attention. Zinczenko’s rhetorical comments on the fast food industry are spaced throughout his Fast Food An Alternative Food Source - 1080 Words Fast Food By max Cornett Fast food is an alternative food source for many people around the world who have little time or money for a homemade meal or for a meal cooked at a restaurant. However fast food can also cause many problems with our bodies if it is consumed to often or in very large quantities. The fast food epidemic has caused increasing amounts of people being labeled as overweight and obese. â€Å"As many as 30 percent of American adults or 60 million are either overweight or obese. Most alarming to health officials is the fact that 9 million of these obese adults are severely obese† (Loonin). Obesity can be caused by many factors, some people have slower metabolism, some people just eat too much food, and some people don t exercise enough. â€Å"Let’s think back to the pioneer days. People had to plant their crops, tend to their animals and cook foods from scratch. There were no box mixes or pre-made items. Meals had to be planned ahead every day. People really had to work for their food Coincidentally, the obesity rates were much less years ago.† (Muntel). Because we don’t have to work for our food it is much easier to take it for granted and eat too much. The most work that we have to do would be to turn on the oven and throw the mac and cheese into it for an hour or tell the cashier how many burgers you want to eat. In our society today the ability to doShow MoreRelatedFast Food : An Alternative Food Source1080 Words   |  5 Pages Fast Food By max Cornett Fast food is an alternative food source for many people around the world who have little time or money for a homemade meal or for a meal cooked at a restaurant. However fast food can also cause many problems with our bodies if it is consumed to often or in very large quantities. The fast food epidemic has caused increasing amounts of people being labeled as overweightRead MoreRelation Between Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity Introduction The combination of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, two-income families with children, busy single professionals and the proliferation of fast food restaurants in recent years has created a perfect storm of obesity in the United States as well as a number of other countries. Further exacerbating the problem is the lack of nutrition and high levels of fat content in many fast food restaurant products, making their consumption a high-risk activityRead MoreFast Food By Eric Schlosser933 Words   |  4 PagesSpecter uses outside sources such as, Eric Schlosser who wrote Fast-food Nation in 2001. By including outside sources Specter is able to credit his information and make sure that he has accurate and compelling information. To provide even more accuracy, he even includes quotes from other authors such as this quote, â€Å"In 2012, companies produced enough regular soda to supply every single person in America, regardless of age, with nearly thirty gallons,’’ from Ma rion Nestle who the recently publishedRead MoreEnough Blame From The Fast Food Industry1195 Words   |  5 Pages Summative Essay 1 December 2014 Enough Blame to Go Around The fast food industry is a thriving enterprise in America s economy these days. One can find a fast food vendor on nearly every block, says David Zinczenko in his article Don t Blame the Eater. The article explains the growing expanse of the fast food industry and the subsequent number of nutritional food businesses declining, there by leaving the fast food industry responsible to provide adequate nutrition for countless numbersRead MoreFast Food Is A Kind Of Mass Produced Food872 Words   |  4 PagesFast food is a kind of mass-produced food which are made and served very quickly. Fast food becomes more popular in 1950 in the United States, and it is likely to have less nutritional content compared to other foods. Food that needs less preparation time is also called fast food; literary the term refers to foods sold in restaurant or store with ready-made ingredient and it is served to the customer in wrapped form to take-out. Fast food cafeterias are known for their capabilitie s to serve foodRead MoreFast Food As An Common, Easy Meal1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situationRead MoreCase Study 5.1 Panera Bread1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe restaurant industry by developing itself with various approaches. First of all, Panera Bread has observed the consumer always wanted good food quality and speed services. This has given the Panera Bread an opportunity to reposition itself by joining the concept of fast food and casual dining category. This category provided the consumer the alternative they wanted by capturing the advantages of the both categories. Besides, with the good timing which became the first mover to this new categoryRead MoreChipotle Mexican Grill : Snapshot Of The Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesChipotle Mexican Grill Snapshot of the company Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is one of the leading fast-casual Mexican restaurant chains throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France. Chipotle has been in operation since it was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1993 by Steve Ells. It is known for its fresh, gourmet, and increasingly organic ingredients. In 1995, Chipotle opened their second restaurant and later opened their third restaurant with a Small Business AdministrationRead MoreA Formula for Using Alternative Energy to Reduce Global Oil Dependency1579 Words   |  6 PagesThe continued use of oil in its many applications is a dominant cause of air and water pollution, which is substantially contributing to global warming. Only by reducing mankinds dependence on oil can these issues be constructively addressed. Alternative forms of energy are the rational solution for reducing global oil dependency, which will result in positive changes to the global environment and to global political affairs. Oil reserves are not a renewable resource, dependent as they are onRead MoreWhat You Eat Is Your Business By Radley Balko And Don t Blame The Eater By David Zinczenko Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesZinczenko composes his opinion on the fast food industry’s absence of nutritional information and more. Zinczenko starts his piece by giving his own life experience. He recalls his childhood trying to find food and that fast food was â€Å"the only available options for an American kid to get an affordable meal† (Zinczenko 462). By giving his own life experience, Zinczenko relates to the reader and grabs their attention. Zinczenko’s rhetorical comments on the fast food industry are spaced throughout his

Theories in Second Language Acquisition - 1470 Words

There has been a lot of research in Second Language Acquisition and there has many theories in this field. Since the 1970s more scholars have been very keen to explain the acquisition process. Particular attention has been given to the way we process information and this involves input and output. The major debate on this subject is what takes place in between the two stages. This essay will consider the contributions made by each of the above named scholars on the models of SLA. They each have their different versions of the model. Generally, the classic model of SLA is believed to be Input-Developmental system-Output. However, these two scholars have offered their own take on this classic model. The essay will first discuss the similarities of both of their models and later explain the differences between the two models. The similarities between the models are that they both agree that not all language data is available and utilised by the learner. This means that learners will have to use internal strategies as a result of not having all the information they need to process a sentence but they are able to process lexical items. They both show a progressive reduction of the amount of information processed. This means learners have a limited capacity for processing information. Therefore, they can only comprehend input by extracting meaning from the data they receive. This also means that learners will find it more challenging to process form and structure. AnotherShow MoreRelatedSecond Language Acquisition Theories1239 Words   |  5 Pagesto see themselves as volunteer ‘tutors’ but rather as English buddies to their young ELL partners (see p. 175). Why would the researchers insist on this subtle, but real, shift in the identity of the volunteers? Discuss at least two second language a cquisition theories that could plausibly be guiding the researchers. In Latino Children Learning English-The Steps in the Journey by Guadalupe Valdes, Sarah Capitelli, and Laura Alvarez we look the colleagues looking at the range of affordances onRead MoreSecond Language Acquisition ( Sla ) Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pageson second language acquisition (SLA) theory. In this section I address a number of studies that have been conducted on vocabulary acquisition and share results of studies that are related to the topic. This is the framework I use for establishing the importance of the study and a benchmark of comparing results with other findings. Literature Review Vocabulary Acquisition History Since the early 1980s, research on second language vocabulary has taken a prominent role in the field of second languageRead MoreSociocultural Theory Of Second Language Acquisition994 Words   |  4 Pages The sociocultural theory of second language acquisition has provided me with the strongest reasons for reconsidering my previous views on second language learning. Vygotsky proposed a sociocultural theory that is very influential within the field of second language learning. The focus was on the idea that all learning is primarily social. The connections between people and the sociocultural context in which they interact with one another are crucial. Through interaction in shared experiences newRead MoreTheories of first and second language acquisition Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Theories of First and Second Language Acquisition There are various theories that have been put forward to describe first and second language acquisition. This paper outlines similarities and difference between first and second language acquisition. Additionally key theoretical points on second language acquisition have been identified. Finally, an explanation of how I intend to use my understanding of language acquisition theory to inform my teaching practice will also be includedRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper2249 Words   |  9 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at the time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Kirsten Hummel states, â€Å"The one most effective way to increase L2 competence was by exposureRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper1899 Words   |  8 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehensionRead MoreFirst And Second Language Acquisition And The Theories Of Literacy Learning And Associated Approaches Essay2275 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this report is to explore the different theories related to first and second language acquisition and the theories of literacy learning and associated approaches. Furthermore, to consider the impact it may have on language learning, how it relates to the role of a language teacher and the implementation of strategies to facilitate and foster effective learning. Rational Language and literacy is a key component for effective social interaction and communication. StrongRead MoreTheories in Second Language Acquisition by James P. Lantolf and Steven L. Thorne593 Words   |  3 PagesAcquiring second language has its impact on the social and cultural knowledge. One of the theories that concern with that knowledge is the sociocultural theory that was originated by the Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky. The theory explains how individual mental functioning is related to cultural, institutional, and historical context. SCT has three main areas. These are: interaction, ZPD, and scaffolding. Summary In chapter (11) of James P. Lantolf and Steven L. Thorne’s book â€Å"Theories in secondRead MoreCritically evaluate Gardner and Lambert’s theory of instrumental and integrative motivation as a key influencing factor in Second Language Acquisition980 Words   |  4 PagesCritically evaluate Gardner and Lambert’s theory of instrumental and integrative motivation as a key influencing factor in Second Language Acquisition During the process of studying second language, Gardner and Lambert’s theory about instrumental and integrative motivation has a significant impact on different learners. As Falk (2000; cited in Norris-Holt, 2001) states that if learners aim to develop relationship with foreign friends or comprehend lyrics in popular song, which means that theseRead MoreLesson Planning with Siop: a Theoretical Base (Benchmark Assessment)1370 Words   |  6 PagesESL-523N SEI English Language Teaching: Foundations and Methodologies October 4, 2012 * Abstract Over the past few decades much research has been conducted as to how second language is acquired. Many theories of second language acquisition have been formulated. This paper will compare and contrast two influential second language acquisition theories: the behaviorist theory and the innatist theory specifically, Krahsen’s Monitor Theory. An overview of how these theories impact the SIOP Model

Emotional Functioning And Social Competence Free Essays

This article is more of a research paper and review on previous studies than new experimental findings. This paper tries to make a connection between emotional functioning and social competence (popularity) of a child. The definition used in this paper of social competence is â€Å"the ability to be effective in the realization of social goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Functioning And Social Competence or any similar topic only for you Order Now † This can also be viewed as the ability to influence peers and their activities. Peers of the children were chosen as the source of competence evaluations. This research was based on six different emotional functions and abilities. Children’s understanding of emotions, their identification of their own emotions, emotion regulation, practice of emotion display rules, their sympathetic response, and their mood states. Understanding of emotions seems very closely correlated to peer social status of a child. The ability to understand emotions also implies the ability to judge the social context in many situations, allowing the child to make â€Å"relevant comments and [engage] in group-oriented behavior. † This ability allows the child to â€Å"engage successfully in cooperative play for sustained periods of time. † There was no direct evidence that the ability to identify one’s own emotion has an impact on social competence of a child. However, it is logical that being able to identify one’s own emotions would help understand the emotional states of others. Emotion regulation also seems to play a key role in the social competence of a child. Most children realize that they are in charge of their emotions and that emotions can be altered. As children get older, successful play will require more self control because there will be many situations where â€Å"negotiation of conflict† is necessary. Children who are able to display more self-control will be perceived as a more desirable play partners. It has also been found that â€Å"social popularity is inversely related to overt anger incidents. † It seems that the more popular children are better at coping with anger inducing situations. The concept of emotional display rules is similar to emotion regulation. Emotional display rules are the rules that are followed so as to keep the peace and balance in a social setting. Certain emotions are not appropriate for some situations. It is difficult to quantitatively assess how well a child uses emotional display rules, but it follows logically that a child who is well liked by his peers will be able to properly display or mask his emotions in a given situation. Since sympathy requires one to be â€Å"other-oriented,† meaning understanding the distress of others from their point of view, it would require some emotional control. Both teachers and peers describe popular children as more cooperative and helpful than the average child, and rejected children as less helpful. However, there was no direct evidence for concluding that social status can be predicted from sympathetic responding. Mood states of a child can also be a factor in whether that child is a desirable playmate or not. Children who routinely display positive moods are better liked by their peers. Moody children tend to be disliked by their peers. However, it is difficult to determine cause and effect of this. From this article, a child’s social status and popularity has great correlation to the emotional functionality of that child. We do not always know, as with many other psychological studies, what the cause is and what the effect is. This seems to be the case with the mood states of the children. However, in all the other cases, the cause seems to be the emotional functionality of the child and the effect is popularity. So should we teach our children to be more emotionally stable and functional? Should we make our children conform to society’s standards to be â€Å"popular? † I see nothing wrong with it. We can make our society more utopian by making sure that our children are emotionally functional and that all the children are accepted by each other. As those children grow to be adults, they can be more cooperative and productive, making a overall better society. How to cite Emotional Functioning And Social Competence, Essay examples

Mary Rowlandson free essay sample

Carissa DiPietro Professor Ginsburg LIB133. G Exam 1 Essay A 892 Words Through metaphorical analysis of Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest,† Takaki shows how in each geographical area Caliban was perceived as a different race, supporting the idea that the entire foundation of the English’s definition of â€Å"savagery† was not universally based on race but rather the gap in cultural identity and the judging parties own beliefs on what is â€Å"civilized. Takaki analyzes the demonization of the Indians and interprets this as being based upon the natural inability of humans to understand and appreciate those who are unlike themselves. He essentially expresses that the Indians are not, as a whole and based exclusively upon race, â€Å"savages,† but rather a people misunderstood by a culture different than their own. In presenting his interpretation of events in the 1670’s to the reader, Takaki references the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson. Takaki utilizes Rowlandson’s first person account of the events in order to support his interpretation based on dual-sidedness of Rowlandson’s account. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Rowlandson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though Rowlandson did, throughout her narrative, reinforce negative stereotypes of the Indians, she also gave credit where it was due; her stories acknowledge the humanity of the Indians. Essentially, Rowlandson’s account highlights that the Indians were people too, though a people of a different culture and spiritual background than the English were familiar with. Rowlandson begins her narrative with harshly worded judgments of the Indian people. She exclaimed, when discussing her first departure with the Indians, â€Å"†¦Away we must go with those barbarous creatures† (Rowlandson 22). Rowlandson does carry these judgments on throughout much of the narrative; however, she soon begins to acknowledge the kindness of several Indians as well. During the second remove, Rowlandson tells the reader, â€Å"One of the Indians carried my poor wounded babe upon a horse†¦ at length I took it off the horse and carried it in my arms till my strength failed and I fell down with it: Then they set me upon a horse with my wounded child in my lap† (Rowlandson 23). She again exemplifies the kindness of the Indians towards her and her child when she shares that after the child’s death â€Å"they went and showed me where it was, where I saw the ground was newly digged and there they told me they had buried it† (Rowlandson 26). The Indians had not just left the child out in the wilderness to be destroyed by animals, nor harmed it in any way. These displays of humanity support Takaki’s claim that â€Å"Rowlandson’s observations, acknowledging the humanity of the Indians, offered possibilities for the English to understand, even empathize with, the people they were dispossessing† (Takaki 44). Rowlandson did not stop there; however. Not only did she continue to exemplify the humanity of the Indians [for example, when her son’s dame brought him to see her while the dame’s master was away (Rowlandson 26) or when an Indian from Medfield â€Å"asked if I would have a bible†¦ I was glad of it, and asked him, whether he thought the Indians would let me read? e answered yes† (Rowlandson 27)] but actually began to outline a relationship that she was forming with the Indians later in her journey. When she was weeping in the eighth remove, one of them asked her why she was upset and gave her food to comfort her (Rowlandson 30). This establishment of a relationship led to a meeting with K ing Philip whom asked that she create some clothing for his son. Soon, many Indians were asking for Rowlandson’s seamstress services and out of this a mutual respect was born. Rowlandson indicates this to the reader when she discusses the twentieth remove. She states, â€Å"But to return again to my going home†¦ At first they were all against it†¦ but afterwards they†¦ seemed much to rejoice in it; some asked me to send them some bread, others some tobacco†¦ not one moving hand or tongue against it† (Rowlandson 31). After establishing a relationship with Rowlandson the Indians wished the best for her. They did not care to hold her captive any longer. In this they showed her a valuable lesson that Takaki attempts to instill in the reader through chapter two. Rowlandson states in her last sentences of her narrative, â€Å"I hope I can say n some measure, as David did, It is good for me that I have been afflicted. The Lord hath showed me the vanity of these outward things† (Rowlandson 34). Here Rowlandson leaves the reader with the idea that because of what she had gone through she could not only better understand another people and another culture, but also better understand herself. She could relate to the struggles of others and became a more empathic person. It is this value that Takaki attempts to instill in his reader throughout his novel.

How to Recognize Common Figures of Speech

How to Recognize Common Figures of Speech Of the hundreds of figures of speech, many have similar or overlapping meanings. Here we offer simple definitions and examples of 30 common figures, drawing some basic distinctions between related terms. How to Recognize Common Figures of Speech For additional examples and more detailed discussions of each figurative device, click on the term to visit the entry in our glossary. Whats the difference between a metaphor and a simile?Both metaphors and similes express comparisons between two things that arent obviously alike. In a simile, the comparison is stated explicitly with the help of a word such as like or as: My love is like a red, red rose / Thats newly sprung in June. In a metaphor, the two things are linked or equated without using like or as: Love is a rose, but you better not pick it. Whats the difference between metaphor and metonymy?Put simply, metaphors make comparisons while metonyms make associations or substitutions. The place name Hollywood, for example, has become a metonym for the American film industry (and all the glitz and greed that go with it). Whats the difference between metaphor and personification?Personification is a particular type of metaphor that assigns the characteristics of a person to something non-human, as in this observation from Douglas Adams: He turned on the wipers again, but they still refused to feel that the exercise was worthwhile, and scraped and squeaked in protest. Whats the difference between personification and apostrophe?A rhetorical apostrophe not only animates something absent or non-living (as in personification) but also addresses it directly. For instance, in Johnny Mercers song Moon River, the river is apostrophized: Wherever youre going, Im going your way. Whats the difference between hyperbole and understatement?Both are attention-getting devices: hyperbole exaggerates the truth for emphasis while understatement says less and means more. To say that Uncle Wheezer is older than dirt is an example of hyperbole. To say that hes a bit long in the tooth is probably an understatement. Whats the difference between understatement and litotes?Litotes is a type of understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. We might say litotically that Uncle Wheezer is no spring chicken and not as young as he used to be. Whats the difference between alliteration and assonance?Both create sound effects: alliteration through the repetition of an initial consonant sound (as in a peck of pickled peppers), and assonance through the repetition of similar vowel sounds in neighboring words (It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans!). Whats the difference between onomatopoeia and homoioteleuton?Dont be put off by the fancy terms. They refer to some very familiar sound effects. Onomatopoeia (pronounced ON-a-MAT-a-PEE-a) refers to words (such as bow-wow and hiss) that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Homoioteleuton (pronounced ho-moi-o-te-LOO-ton) refers to similar sounds at the endings of words, phrases, or sentences (The quicker picker upper). Whats the difference between anaphora and epistrophe?Both involve the repetition of words or phrases. With anaphora, the repetition is at the beginning of successive clauses (as in the famous refrain in the final part of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream speech). With epistrophe (also known as epiphora), the repetition is at the end of successive clauses (When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child). Whats the difference between antithesis and chiasmus?Both are rhetorical balancing acts. In an antithesis, contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in balanced phrases or clauses (Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing). A chiasmus (also known as antimetabole) is a type of antithesis in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first with the parts reversed (The first shall be last, and the last shall be first). Whats the difference between asyndeton and polysyndeton?These terms refer to contrasting ways of linking items in a series. An asyndetic style omits all conjunctions and separates the items with commas (They dove, splashed, floated, splashed, swam, snorted). A polysyndetic style places a conjunction after every item in the list.Whats the difference between a paradox and an oxymoron?Both involve apparent contradictions. A paradoxical statement appears to contradict itself (If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in frankness). An oxymoron is a compressed paradox in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side (a real phony).Whats the difference between a euphemism and a dysphemism?A euphemism involves the substitution of an inoffensive expression (such as passed away) for one that might be considered offensively explicit (died). In contrast, a dysphemism substitutes a harsher phrase (took a dirt nap) for a comparatively inoffensive one. Though often meant to sh ock or offend, dysphemisms may also serve as in-group markers to show camaraderie. Whats the difference between diacope and epizeuxis?Both involve the repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis. With diacope, the repetition is usually broken up by one or more intervening words: Youre not fully clean until youre Zestfully clean. In the case of epizeuxis, there are no interruptions: Im shocked, shocked to find that gambling is going on in here! Whats the difference between verbal irony and sarcasm?In both, words are used to convey the opposite of their literal meanings. Linguist John Haiman has drawn this key distinction between the two devices: [P]eople may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression (Talk Is Cheap, 1998). Whats the difference between a tricolon and a tetracolon climax?Both refer to a series of words, phrases, or clauses in parallel form. A tricolon is a series of three members: Eye it, try it, buy it! A tetracolon climax is a series of four: He and we were a party of men walking together, seeing, hearing, feeling, understanding the same world.Whats the difference between a rhetorical question and epiplexis?A rhetorical question is asked merely for effect with no answer expected: Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution? Epiplexis is a type of rhetorical question whose purpose is to rebuke or reproach: Have you no shame?

How You Can Take Advantage of ACT Math Question Order

How You Can Take Advantage of ACT Math Question Order SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Understanding how to do your best on the ACT math section means understanding how the math section is structured and where you can get the most points for your time and energy. We’ll walk you through how each ACT math section is organized and how you can use this information to your benefit, both in your studies and as you take your official ACTs. ACT Math Organization The ACT math section is ordered in two main ways- by difficulty and by content. Let's look at each. Math Organization Type 1: Difficulty Of the two organization categories, the biggest factor that determines the order of questions is difficulty level. "Difficulty" on the ACT math questions is characterized by: the time necessary to solve a problem, the steps required, how many math concepts you must employ, and/or how familiar or unfamiliar you are likely to be with the material. And the difficulty level increases over the course of the math test. You can generally split the difficulty of ACT math problems into three even zones. There are 60 math questions total and you can arrange them roughly like so: Questions 1-20- "easy" Questions 21-40- "medium" Questions 41-60- "hard" The reason we put these terms in quotes is due to the fact that these breakdowns are approximately true, but not everyone will have the same concept of"easy" or "hard" when it comes to math problems. The difficulty of any particular problem will depend on your experience with the topic, how well you understand the phrasing of the question, or even your level of fatigue and concentration at the time. But splitting the ACT math section this way works as a rough guideline for most students. In general, with each new tier of difficulty, the questions will take longer to solve and often require more steps. For instance, it might take you as little as 10 seconds to solve question number 3, but take as many as a two or three minutes to puzzle over question 55. (Note: we will talk more about how you can balance your time per question later in the guide.) Math Organization Type 2: Content Because â€Å"difficulty† is partially determined by how well you’re likely to know the material (based on the typical middle and high school curriculum), this follows that the test is also ordered, in part, by topic. The more years you’ve spent studying a math topic, the more likely that you are to consider a particular question â€Å"easy.† Though the topics mix and mesh with one another, there are still overarching patterns of where you are most likely to find your algebra questions or your trigonometry problems. Because you’re likely to have seen and studied single variable equationsfor more years than you've studiedtrigonometry, you’ll see more of your algebra questions early on in the test and more of your coordinate geometry and trig questions later in the test. So most of the algebra questions will be "easy" (though not all) and most of the geometry and trig questions will be "medium" or "hard" (though, again, not all). The ACT is a standardized test, so each test will look very similar. We have broken down one ACT math test (test code 67C) by math topicto demonstrate this pattern in action. 1. Algebra 31. Plane and Solid Geometry 2. Algebra 32. Numbers 3. Algebra 33. Coordinate Geometry 4. Numbers 34. Coordinate Geometry 5. Algebra 35. Numbers 6. Algebra 36. Coordinate Geometry 7. Algebra 37. Plane and Solid Geometry 8. Algebra 38. Plane and Solid Geometry 9. Algebra 39. Coordinate Geometry 10. Plane and Solid Geometry 40. Plane and Solid Geometry 11. Plane and Solid Geometry 41. Coordinate Geometry 12. Algebra 42. Trigonometry 13. Numbers 43. Numbers 14. Algebra 44. Coordinate Geometry 15. Numbers 45. Plane and Solid Geometry 16. Numbers 46. Plane and Solid Geometry 17. Plane and Solid Geometry 47. Plane and Solid Geometry 18. Numbers 48. Plane and Solid Geometry 19. Numbers 49. Algebra 20. Plane and Solid Geometry 50. Coordinate Geometry 21. Algebra 51. Coordinate Geometry 22. Trigonometry 52. Coordinate Geometry 23. Numbers 53. Algebra 24. Coordinate Geometry 54. Algebra 25. Algebra 55. Algebra 26. Numbers 56. Plane and Solid Geometry 27. Plane and Solid Geometry 57. Trigonometry 28. Coordinate Geometry 58. Numbers 29. Algebra 59. Algebra 30. Coordinate Geometry 60. Numbers As you can see, the math topics are mixed in with one another, but there are some distinct patterns. Questions 1-30 are more algebra and numbers heavy (70% of the questions), while questions 31-60 are more geometry and trig heavy (67% of the questions). This pattern will hold true for any given ACT. The difficulty of questions may increase as you go, but if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be scaling to the top. How to Use the Test Structure to Your Advantage There is no guessing penalty on the ACT, so your goal is to answer as many questions as accurately as possible across the board. Of course you are also on a strict time crunch, so this is not always easy. Depending on your current scores (and your target scores), this may mean that you focus most of your time and energy on a particular section of the test and then blindly- or, time permitting, strategically- guess the rest of your questions. (Note: for more on how to guess to your best advantage, check out how to guess on the ACT math section). For others, your score goals may mean that you look at at and attempt every single question. There will, however, be a general step-by-step guideline to follow for students scoring at all levels. So let's break it down. Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test Taking a practice test- a full practice test!- is always step one when embarking on any kind of study plan for a standardized test. You won’t truly know where you currently stand or how to specifically improve from there without first taking a practice test. And though you may be concerned specifically with your math score right now, that score fits into the larger test-taking picture. The ACT lasts for several hours at a time, and your levels of concentration and fatigue will fluctuate. So only by taking the full test will you be able to see how your math score fits into your overall ACT score. Try to emulate the structure of the real test as much as possible, so carve out a few hours on a weekend and take the full practice test in a quiet environment. Here, you can find free full ACT practice tests and answer keys. Step 2: Set a Target Score Goal Now that you’ve taken your practice test and scored the results, check out how your scores currently stack upand set yourself a target score goal. This will be the score that you aim to reach by test day, and both your current scores and your progress towards this goal will determine how you go about your studying. Step 3: Find the Patterns in Your Right and Wrong Answers Now take a look at all your wrong answers and see if you can spot any patterns to the errors. Are you mostly getting wrong answers in a particular section, like questions 25 - 35 or 45 - 60? Are you mostly getting questions wrong by topic (do those triangle problems throw you for a loop no matter where they are on the test)? Let's look at the different types of errors by location and by content and see which apply to your current test scores. Different types of location errors include: Errors spread fairly evenly throughout the math test (so about as many wrong answers in questions in the first 20 questions as the last 20). Errors clustered in pockets. Usually, these occur around questions 25-35 and questions 40-50 because this is where the test transitions difficulty levels. Errors mostly contained in the "medium-high" and "high" difficulty ranges of questions 45-60. Now look over your math test and see if you can identify the questions according to topic. How did your right and wrong answers sync up with specificACT math topicsbeing tested? Tally how many questions on each topic were on the test and how many questions you answered correctly for each topic. (So if questions 15 and 29 were sequence questions and you answered number 15 correctly and 29 incorrectly, give yourself a score of $1/2$ in sequences.) Often, student errors will be a combination of location and topic, so don’t be alarmed if this is the case. Write down on a separate piece of paper: The location of most of your errors Your personal "score" by math topic (e.g., $3/6$ in lines and angles, $4/4$ in statistics, and so forth.) This list will help you hone in on your weak areas and target them as you go through your studies. Step 4: Brush Up on the Most Important Content The big-picture goal when studying for the ACT is the maximize your score gain for every hour spent studying. This means that the best strategy for success is to focus your time and energy on places you can make the easiest (and, therefore, quickest) improvements and areas where you can make the most improvement. So let's divide and conquer. Making Quick Improvements Each and every question on the ACT is worth one point. It doesn't matter if it was the easiest question on the test and took you all of three seconds to solve, or if it was the hardest question on the test and took three minutes- each question is worth the same amount of points as every other question. This means you should maximize your time and energy by picking up any points you're missing in the first half of the test (which, you'll remember, is the "easier" half of the test). This will net you a point increase in the shortest amount of time. So if you’re missing five or more questions in the 1-30 range, take a close look at each of your wrong answers. This is about 17% or more of the "easy" half of your test, so see if you can look at your errors and identify whether or not you’re missing these questions based on a lack of knowledge of the content. If so, it’s time to brush up on some of your algebra and numbers topics. If, however, you’ve taken a look at your errors list and seen that you're mostly missing questions in the later half of the test based on both difficulty and content, it’s time to more specifically hone your focus. Making the Most Improvement Let’s say you can organize your current mathematical knowledge into four categories: perfect understanding, good understanding, okay understanding, and no understanding. Because we're looking to now gain the most improvement from your time, the first step is to focus on improving your "okay" areas. These are areas you have some familiarity with, but aren't the strongest in, and just a quick refresher on the topic can gain you tremendous point value for your time. Our individual math topic guides will take you through the know-how on each and every ACT math topic you need to brush up on. In each, you'll gain a greater understanding of the topic in question as well as how you'll see it presented on the ACT, as well as get a chance to practice on real ACT math problems. After you've brought these "okay" topics up to speed, the next step is to look at improving your "no understanding" topics. These are areas where you have a current weak foundation and so will represent the greatest potential leap and improvement in your score. (Again, our math topic guides will help you improve your knowledge of each and every ACT math topic you'll see on the test.) Because this might be difficult to visualize right now, let's take a sample score breakdown of the test by topic. Let’s say that there were six questions each on four different topics- exponents, circles, lines and slopes, and trigonometry- and your score breakdown of correct answers looked like this: Exponent questions: 5 out of 6 Circle questions: 2 out of 6 Lines and slope questions: 4 out of 6 Trigonometry questions: 0 out of 6 If we classify each of these topics by your understanding, we would say that you had a â€Å"perfect† (or nearly perfect) understanding of exponents, â€Å"good† understanding of lines and slopes, an â€Å"okay† understanding of circles, and â€Å"no understanding† of trigonometry. Now that you've cataloged your scores, you know which topics to target your study focus on and in which order. To start with, the next step would be to focus and brush up on your â€Å"okay understanding† areas (in this case circles). Although rehashing your near-perfect knowledge might make you feel productive, it won’t actually help you all that much at this moment. Until you start getting â€Å"perfects† or nearly perfects in all topics across the board, it’s better to spend your study time on areas where you can make the greatest improvement. In this case, honing your knowledge of exponents would only gain you one more point out of 60. Your time can be better spent elsewhere. You may also be tempted to perfect those â€Å"good† understanding areas (in this case lines and slopes). But the difference between â€Å"good† understanding and â€Å"perfect† is likely to only be a question or two out of 60. In this case, you would get a maximum return of 2 points, which is not nothing, but you can spend the same amount of time studying circles and probably get a higher point return for that time. Again, only focus on getting your good scores up to perfect once you’ve brought up your scores on all your topics and you’re aiming for that perfect ACT math score. Now if you bring your â€Å"okay† areas up to almost perfect, you will likely be able to gain a significant point increase. In this case, if you spend your study time learning your circle material, you could potentially increase your score by 3 or 4 points. Once you’ve brushed up on your â€Å"okay† understanding areas, set your sights on those â€Å"no understanding† math topics. The reason these topics are in â€Å"no understanding† purgatory is likely because it is a topic that you dislike or that you haven’t studied much in school. But, despite this, even a little more understanding of the topic than you have now will likely gain you a few more points than you had before. In addition, bringing up your â€Å"okay† understanding and â€Å"no understanding† areas will allow you to use your imperfect- but still significant- knowledge of the ACT math topics in question to strategically eliminate answer choices. Even if you don’t actually know how to solve the problem, knowing a little more about the topic than you do now will give you a much better foundation to strategically eliminate answer options and guess for your right answer. Your study time is precious and limited, so distribute it wisely and use it to gain the most point return for your energy. An hour spent brushing up on unfamiliar topics will gain you a much more significant point increase than an hour spent brushing up on topics you already understand almost perfectly. Step 5: Develop Your Own Personal Timing Plan for the ACT Math Section One of the hardest aspects of the ACT math section is the fact that you must keep track of your pacing yourself. You are given 60 minutes and 60 questions to do with what you will, so taking too long on some questions will leave you with no time at all to solve others. And yet going too quickly through the test can lead you to make careless errors. Everyone's pacing and ability to solve questions on a time crunch will be different, and yours may even change from test to test as you get used to ACT questions and the pacing involved. So take the time as you study to develop your own personal timing structure and adapt it as you need to. A good plan to start with is to break the test into thirds and give yourself varying time limits for each section. So begin by giving yourself: 15 minutes for questions 1-20 20 minutes for questions 21-40 25 minutes for questions 41-60 Now this may not be the perfect timing structure for you, but it's a place to start. See how you need to adapt it to your own personal preferences by experimenting. And if you find that you're simply running short on time no matter what you try, check out our more specific advice on how to stop running out of time of the ACT math section. Step 6: Adapt Your Study Focus Based on Your Current and Target Scores As you go through your studies, we recommend that you take at least two to three practice tests, evenly distributed across your study time. So, if you have three months to prep, take a practice test about once a month. This will give you not only the chance to practice the best simulation of the real ACT possible, but will also show you how well and in which areas you’re improving. Your study plan will adapt based on your current scores, your score goals, and your rate of improvement. Current Score is 25 or Under If you’re currently scoring in the 25 or under range, your goal is to turn yourself into a â€Å"jack of all trades, master of none† type of mathematical warrior. If you already have a â€Å"perfect† understanding of any given math topic, great! If not, don’t worry about it right this second. Try your best to get yourself up to â€Å"okay† or even â€Å"good† understanding of each topic before you start mastering any particular one. As you go through your list of "okay" and "no understanding" topics to improve your knowledge of each, focus first on the topics that come earlier in the test, since most of the questions will be "easy" or "medium" difficulty.So if you have an "okay" understanding on both an algebra topic and a coordinate geometry topic, start by bringing up your knowledge of the algebra topic first. If your knowledge base in each topic is relatively similar, then always start by improving your algebra and numbers topics first, then turn to plane and coordinate geometry, and finally trigonometry. We have compiled all of our math guides by topic as well all the free ACT math practice you can find online. No matter where you're struggling, we'll help get you up to speed on where you need to be before test day. Current Score is 26 and Above Only once you start getting into the 26 and above range should you work on perfecting all of your math topic knowledge as much as possible. At this scoring level, you’ve probably already achieved at least a passing understanding of all the math topics on the test, so now is the time to master them to the best of your ability. Look to the types of questions and math topics you missed the most questions in and start by focusing your attention there. Again, areas in which you can make the greatest improvement will be the best focus of your time and energy. And just as you would in the 25 and under range, check out our math topic guides for definitions of each topic, ACT math strategies to solve the questions on each topic based on how you’ll see them on the ACT, and practice questions with answer explanations. Practice and more practice is the way to go when attempting to master an ACT math topic. Be sure to also test yourself against the most difficult math problemson the test to see where you currently stand against the toughest of the tough and where you can improve. Deep breaths, clear head. Though it may all seem overwhelming right now, you are entirely capable of mastering the ACT.(John Henderson/Flickr) The Take-Aways Understanding how the ACT math test is structured and how to use that knowledge to your best advantage while studying is a good chunk of the battle won already. The key to mastering the ACT math section is a combination of understanding and practice, and you’re well on your way already. Your study plan should always be a reflection of your current standing and your target goals, and should adapt as you make progress. Study smart and work with the structure of the test instead, and you’ll see improvements in your scores in no time. What’s Next? Stuck on your ACT math problems? Check out our guide to learn how to spot when you're going down the wrong path and how to correct the course. Stuck procrastinating? Learn how to turn your studying around and overcome your desire to procrastinate. Looking to get a perfect score on the ACT math section? Our guide (written by a perfect-scorer) will help you get those high scores you've been aiming for. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection - Essay Example As the paper hghlights the reporter found meaning in herlife with her children and her total being, without him by her side. Today, her children and she is very happy living together and she is proud to say that she feels accomplished and complete without her husband. The early phase of her married life falls on Erikson’s psychosocial stage 6 which covers her early adulthood. This is the stage when she was longing for intimacy; thus, marrying her husband even if she had to go against the will of herv family. This is the time when she wanted to have a close personal relationship rather than be isolated. The reporter wanted to have a satisfying relationship and develop a family of her own. The later part of her married life is a perfect example of Erikson’s â€Å"penultimate† stage or the middle adulthood stage. When she separated from her husband, that was the time when her focus shifted from herself to her immediate surroundings which are her children. Had she fo cused on herself, she could have just wallowed in depression and not strive to work hard for her children. The reporter   focused on integrity and not despair. She focused on the positive rather than on the negative. She had to do something for the good of my children. Her strength was her children, which is what Erickson terms as â€Å"generativity†. She feared of becoming meaningless or inactive. She knew she had to find new meaning and purpose in life because she did not want to be self-absorbed and stagnate. Her going back to school and finding a job was instrumental in helping her get through this stage. The population that the reporter most want to â€Å"give forward† to are the separated wives who feel so depressed and useless. She wants to share with them my experience. From this paper it is clear that she wants to show them how she was able to rise up again from the pain of being left by a husband. She want to prove to them that they do not need a husband to take care of their children. She will show them how to find meaning in their lives and view the separation as a challenge to improve oneself and be useful to society. The reporter will point out to them that the options that they face are â€Å"generativity† or â€Å"stagnation†. It is her objective that they make the better choice of moving forward and care for the â€Å"next generation†, meaning their children. The reporter will prove to them through her experience that choosing â€Å"generativity† will lead them to the path of â€Å"integrity†, which is the positive result of the eighth stage in Erikson’s stages of development. On the other hand, if they choose â€Å"stagnation†, it will only bring them towards â€Å"despair†, the oppos ite side of the eighth stage. Her   ideal legacy for her family is to be able to give a college education to her children. Hopefully, if they are well-educated, they can become successful individuals both with their careers and their family lives. She may not be able to leave them with wealth but she hopes through their education they can pursue whatever it is they dream for in their lives.

Advertising in mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Advertising in mass media - Essay Example Unlike other forms of indoctrination; this approach is mild and oblique in its approach. Advertisers do not challenge prevailing values and ideas. They preferred to introduce new terms of fulfillment and satisfaction. The most predominant theme echoed in several advertisements throughout the ages is the superiority of capitalism and consumer culture. Marketers make it appear as though consumer goods are the ultimate solution for contemporary problems. They tend to obscure distinctions between the rich and poor or the lower and the upper class. Several advertisements contain seemingly exclusive products that should be a reserve for the well to do. However, through the phenomenon of mass production, these products can be accessed by any member of society. Marchand describes several instances in which mass media specialists of the 1920s sought to convince buyers that their products would equalize their status (82). A wealthy socialite could afford the finest china or expensive butler, but they still enjoyed the same brand of coffee that typical citizens bought. Alternatively, a marketer might claim that their soap could make women’s hands just as soft as their favorite socialite. In society today, advertisers use celebrities to endorse their products, and make them seem accessible to the common man. These media bodies illustrate that consumer products accord similar comforts to all members of society and thus endorse the status quo. The subtle message behind such advertisers is to obscure the economic inequalities inherent in any capitalist society. If consumers heed to these ideas, they will learn to accept their place in the existing social order. Revolts against the elite or other similar controllers of wealth would be unnecessary if people of all walks of life could enjoy similar things. Furthermore, political leaders would not need to organize a massive wealth redistribution program since the electorate was already satisfied with

Rousseaus Concepts of Inequality

Rousseaus Concepts of Inequality In 1754 Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote his Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men. This essay was in response to a question posed for a prize competition by the Academy of Dijon. The question posed was: What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorized by natural law? Rousseau found the terms of the inquiry restraining; he reasoned that, to be considered a law it has to be agreed upon rationally and to be natural it must speak with the voice of nature (Rousseau and Cress, 25). In order to truly delve into the ontology of inequalities Rousseau asserts that we need to examine the characteristics and maxims which are natural to humans outside of the artificiality of society. However; Rousseau differs from other social theorists like Thomas Hobbes in the method that he separates reason or perfectibility from the instincts of the natural man. This leads Rousseau to espouse a positive stance on the natural man contrary to Hobbes conception. I will argue in this essay that Jean-Jacques innovative theory on the state of nature accompanies a firm stance that humanitys perfectibility allows for both positive and negative advancement; but society in its current manifestation, is inherently unequal. Rousseau recognizes two different forms of inequality which lead him to a positive ideological view on the state of nature. Rousseau makes the argument that violence and inequalities are not inherent to humans but rather that they occur due to socialization and improper assertion of reason. Rousseau identifies two different types of inequality: natural and moral. Natural inequalities are those that derive from differences in age, intelligence, capacity for reason and health or other physical characteristics. (Rousseau and Cress, 34) However; it is moral inequalities that are of greater concern to Rousseau. It is Rousseaus belief that these inequalities occur due to consent and convention. Thus these inequalities are merely a form of political rule and are preventable. In the Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men Rousseau proves that these moral inequalities do not occur in the state of nature due to several human maxims. The state of nature to Jean Jacques Rousseau is one that draws many parallels to an animal existence but differs because of one essential human characteristic. Rousseau claims two basic maxims which exist prior to mans nurturing within human societal systems of rationality. These are self-preservation and pity. It is from these principles that natural right manifest themselves. A natural right is pervasive among all people by virtue of being human itself. In the state of nature man feels a responsibility to prevent the harm of other sentient beings. This is unless a persons self-preservation is at stake. Pity and self-preservation essentially balance each other out and make it possible for savage men to exist together. These two principles rarely conflict because, according to Rousseau, one mans pity should prevent him from interfering with anothers attempts to preserve himself. Rousseau states: pity is a natural sentiment, which, by moderating in each individual the activity of the love of oneself, contributes to the mutual preservation of the entire species.(Rousseau and Cress, 55) This natural right of pity is not a rational one but rather is drawn from the empathy of being able to feel. This contrasts with the modern rational discourse which protects the individual. The natural man requires vigorous sense of dedication towards self-preservation. Animals also embody both these principles of self-preservation and pity. Humans and animals differ in one aspect which Rousseau describes as the faculty of perfectibility. (Rousseau and Cress, 45) Man is a free agent possessing the freedom to override the natural and their instincts. This distinct adaptability and unlimited faculty gives humans the capability for vice and virtue to develop. Rousseau describes this faculty of perfectibility, or reason, as having developed through a desire or fear. (Rousseau and Cress, 45) Perfectibility also implies that humans are subject to their environment. In the state of natur e humans have only natural passions of food, sex and rest and a fear of pain and hunger. Instinct alone provides that our own self-preservation does not conflict with the self-preservation of others. Because of this savage man is as ignorant of good as he is of evil. The reduced nature of their passions keeps them from rationalizing actions that contradict the natural right. Pity is essential to what Rousseau states as the mutual preservation of the species. (Rousseau and Cress, 55) Outside of the state of nature reason engenders amour propre, or love of oneself, and overrides pity. Amour Propre is a kind of supreme self-preservation unchecked by empathetic feelings of pity. (Rousseau and Cress, 56) This instills the human identification as an individual, separate and comparable to others. In Rousseaus state of nature pity takes the place of laws, morals and virtues. Savage men arent prone to quarrels they are solitary and have no conception of property or vengeance. Only self-pres ervation and pity can guarantee human equality. It is due to humanitys faculty of perfectibility that creates the potential for the greater good or the greatest evil. Modern society is the foil to ignorant equality of the state of nature. Jean-Jacques Rousseau presents a very different conception of the state of nature, in comparison to many previous philosophers The portrayal of the state of nature, as one guaranteeing equality, by Rousseau differs greatly from conception by many other political thinkers. In particular Rousseaus views go against the ideas which liberal thinkers like Thomas Hobbes set forth. Hobbes state of nature, described in the Leviathan, is that the state of nature is one where humans engage in perpetual warfare. Mankinds passions drive him to desire things and to fear others. In this state self-preservation is the supreme and singular goal. The singularity of self-preservation leads to the human belief that they have a right to all things. Only through the submission to the social contract does Hobbes believe that humanity can escape the dangers and evils of the state of nature. Rousseaus conception of the state of nature shares some similar principals but the overall outcome is in stark opposition. Man in Rousseaus state of nature is ruled by the dichotomous relationship between pity and self-preservation. The right t o all things does not exist since maxim of self-preservation is checked by pity. Hobbes also fails to acknowledge that in the state of nature man is ignorant to Rousseaus idea of amour propre. It is through a simplified world-view that the natural man exists their passions are simple. Rousseaus natural man is not wicked because they do not know what it is to be good. While Hobbes insists savage man has no conception of good and thus he is wicked. The social contract Hobbes solution to his exacerbating state of nature requires a consensually chosen Sovereign to protect its citizens from the state of nature. In opposition; Rousseau believes that it is these institutions, created under an illusion of reason, that create unequal competition between people. Rousseau states All ran to chains themselves, in the belief that they secured their liberty, for although they had enough reason to feel the advantages of political establishment, they did not have enough experience to foresee its dangers. (Rousseau and Cress, 70) Rousseaus connotative meaning surrounding the social contract and its effects on humanity are portrayed through his depiction of the evolution of man from the state of nature. The conditions surrounding Rousseaus embryonic man are simple yet positive compared to the situation of his successors. His first concern was for self-preservation. Man had no dreams for exploiting or profiting from nature. However different natural obstacles forced humanity to their faculty of perfectibility to adapt to different climates producing different lifestyles. The hunt of different animals led to the axiomatic belief in preeminence among earths species. Rousseau asserts that were several revolutions that originated from the adaptations due to human perfectibility. The first revolution, that Rousseau addresses, spurred from the creation of tools. Tools led to the establishment of communal homes and family life. Conjugal love resulted and also led to different familial and societal roles. These changes in lifestyle allowed for more than self-preservation, but also leisure. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) New conveniences were developed and eventually relied upon. Mankind grew to be more settled increasing the salience of culture and tradition. These in turn led to ideas of merit, preference and eventually jealousy. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) However; Rousseau believes that this early society was the happiest epoch representing a middle way between the indolence of state of nature and the activity of amour propre. From this we can draw what was Rousseaus larger purpose. He believed as long as men applied themselves only to one-man tasks, they were free and healthy. The moment when one man needed the help of another, and one man wanted what was enough for two, equality disappeared, work became necessary and oppression developed. Thus it is during what Rousseau calls the second revolution (cause by metallurgy and agriculture) that inequality begins to emerged. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) Initially the division of land followed its cultivation, and labour gave the right to the land. Eventually due to the unequal distribution of talents and resources gave way to the exploitation of labour. The division between land and labour is what has spurred modern inequalities. Rousseau states: the first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said This is mine, and found people naÃÆ'Â ¯ve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody. (Rousseau and Cress, 60) This division between labour and property coupled with the social contract are what Rousseau deems responsible for societal inequalities. By uniting the rich and poor in a supreme power of the social contract laws of inequality and property became fixed thus systemically ensuring the profit of the few. When the principal maxims of humanity become peripheral the result is of overarching inequalities in the civil society and state. I believe that Rousseau thought that humans are not inherently evil but that their faculty of perfectibility has led them temporarily astray. His belief could be interpreted as distaste for the capitalist system in which Amour Propre is essential. However; humanity is not trapped within the system of Amour Propre. Humans may also use the faculty of perfectibility positively. Rousseau dismisses the importance of the distinction between natural and moral inequalities. We can draw from this that Rousseau is against the argument for the origins of the division of labour that some people are by their nature physically and mentally inferior to others. This is an argument that was also used to discredit slavery. Rousseau argues that the establishment of property and division of labour are at the root of societal inequality but he does not argue against cooperat ion. Rousseaus innovative theory on mans natural state of being led him towards the transformative concept of the general will. He states: There is often a great deal of difference between the will of all and the general will. The latter looks only to the common interest; the former considers private interest and is only a sum of private wills. But take away from these same wills the pluses and minuses that cancel each other out, and the remaining sum of the differences is the general will. (Rousseau and Cress, 155) The general will allows for the citizens in their ignorance of their place within civil society to make decisions in the interest of the greater good. Rousseau espouses a state in which the sovereign incurs freedom and equality of citizens rather than limiting them; for, the general will is utterly well intentioned. Rather than being ruled over by the sovereign, the people rule the sovereign or are the sovereign. In effect; Rousseau is proposing a system radically different than his counterparts due to his conception on the state of nature. What is the origin of Inequality? Is it due to natural law? Are people inherently inclined to subjugate one another? Rousseau answers these questions with a resounding no. He proves that it is humanitys own actions and intentions which give rise to inequality. He does not believe we are destined to behave this way. Our reason given birth through desire and fear- can be our salvation or our undoing.

Jinnah’s Vision of Pakistan and our Success to realize it Essay

There is not much debate or even concern about what was the vision of the founders of Pakistan. What type of state they had in mind when they struggled of an independent country that we call our homeland, Pakistan? In answering this question, we will assess whether or not we have been driven by that vision and how we have shaped our system of governance. The Muslim intellectuals, thinkers and social reformers that contributed to the idea of Muslims being a separate political category in India were essentially modernist, rationalist Muslims. They wanted the Muslims to acquire knowledge of new sciences and empower themselves economically and politically. Their central objective was rights of the Muslims and their share in power under the British colonial system. They understood how the world had changed, and accordingly they thought the best tools for Muslim empowerment were modernity, education, politics of rights and peaceful struggle for accommodation of their interests. Jinnah and many other leaders of the Muslim communities in the subcontinent were products of post-reissuance modern world. Unlike European modernists all varieties of nationalists in the colonial world had more difficult task of building a modern nation in a traditional, Islamic cultural climate. The question then and now for modernists is how to reconcile modernity with religion and social structures. Muslim modernists from Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to Jinnah wanted modem education, science and technology and political forms and institutions without offending religion. Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan in this respect has four salient points. We can judge where does Pakistan stand today in the light of these four ideas. 1: Constitutionalism First and foremost, Jinnah was quintessential a constitutionalist. The term and its underlying philosophy is so foreign to our rulers that they have really disabled themselves intellectually to seek guidance from him. What it really means in modern political theory is that a civilized system of governance must function within the boundaries of laws. There must be limits on the exercise of power which is primarily meant to serve national and public interest. This is one of the central themes of philosophical debates that have defined the system of state and the relations between political authority and the society during the past three hundred years or so. Jinnah had thoroughly and profoundly internalized constitutionalism at a very young age and this defined all his politics in his long career. Actually constitutionalism is what separates the pre-modern and the modern world system. It gives dignity to human beings in rooting the ideas of freedom, civil rights and social capacity to force the government to stay within the limits of laws. 2: Supremacy of law and independence of judiciary. Philosophically as well as in practical politics these are basic norms of good society and good politics. Jinnah’s political orientation and practical life were perfect reflection of these two ideas of the modern world. Let us not forget that Jinnah was one the most distinguished, outstanding and powerful defender of rule of law and independence of judiciary. These two institutions are intertwined. It would be absurd to think of rule of law without the independence of judiciary, Building one of these institutions independently is not possible. They grow together; the development of one strengthens the other. 3: Personal liberties and freedoms These constitute third important flank of Jinnah’s political ideology. His political struggle first at the platform of the Indian National Congress for home rule, independence and rights of minorities, and later on throughout the Pakistan movement was based on universal human instincts of freedoms and civil rights. It would be unconceivable in any situation that the battle for national independence could be fought without the recognizing individuals’ right to make their own choices. This is an important notion that transforms them from subjects of a colonial administration to a citizen of a modern nation state. 4: Representative Democratic Government. The ideas we have briefly mentioned above give rise to the representative government, another facet of Jinnah’s political philosophy. Such a government is in our view a defining characteristic of the modem form of authority. It answers some fundamental questions about how political power in a society like Pakistan is to be organized, and for what purposes to be exercised in modern times. Jinnah couldn’t think of any other system for Pakistan except a constitutional, democratic government. Have we succeeded in realization of Jinnah’s Vision? How do we measure up to some of these basic political principles of Jinnah today? We have mixed record at best on shaping Pakistan according to Jinnah’s ideas. We have elected governments at the moment and we had had them before. But many a times we disrupted growth of democracy. For that reason, the checks and balance system among the institutions of the state remains troubled and respect for constitutionalism weak. We have not sufficiently debated the reasons for repeated deviation from the constitutionalist principles and ‘rule of law’ tradition of our founders. We know they are too many, as no single factor can explain it sufficiently. They are essentially rooted in stubborn feudalistic culture, class character of the ruling classes and an alliance between the electoral elites and the rulers in the past. Contrarily, people at large and the rising middle classes of Pakistan and even a large section of political groups have struggled for democracy, which as a political system is manifestation of the political vision of Jinnah. Against all the problems we have today, they want democracy in substantive terms because the procedural or electoral democracy has turned the system into personalized, autocratic form. It is why it is not fully alive to the problems of the people or responsive enough to the needs of the society. In my view, we face multiple challenges of bad governance, political confrontations and terrorism because we have not shaped our state and political institutions, including the political parties, according to the modernist, liberal vision of Jinnah. In these times of rising despair and despondency, we can set Pakistan on the course of stability and development by embracing ideas and vision of Jinnah, which in nutshell are; liberal democratic state of Pakistan.